ABSTRACT
Introduction: The communication between musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve is an important anatomicalvariation to occur having serious implications during surgical procedures on arm if unnoticed and without priorknowledge.Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in 80 upper limbs of 40 adult human cadavers (Female:10 and Male: 30) in the Department of Anatomy, Siddhartha Medical College (Government), Vijayawada and theDepartment of Anatomy, N.R.I. Medical College, Guntur over a period of 4 years (2014 to 2018) during educationaldissections.Results: The communication between musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve was observed in present study,which is classified in accordance with previous classifications described in the literature. In present study theincidence of communication between musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve is 25%.Conclusion: Prior knowledge of this communication between musculocutaneous and median nerves in the arm isimportant to avoid the surgical damage to the nerves and also explain unusual clinical presentation in shoulderinjuries
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The left renal vein is preferred over the right in renal transplantation because of its longer length. It is important for the surgeons to know the course of the left renal vein and whether it is pre-aortic or not to avoid unexpected hemorrhage and even death. There are considerable no of radiological studies on Retro aortic Left Renal Vein but anatomical studies other than the Japanese were not found in the literature. In view of its anatomical, embryological, clinical and surgical importance the present study was undertaken. Materials and Methods : The present study was conducted in 60 adult cadavers (10 female and 50 male) allotted to 1st M.B.B.S and M.D P.G students at Pinnamaneni Siddhartha institute of medical sciences & research foundation Gannavaram & N.R.I. Academy of Medical Sciences, Andhra Pradesh, India for routine dissection over a period of 5 consecutive years (2010-2015). Results: Left Renal Vein anomalies can be classified into 4 types in the literature.Type1 is the most common in its occurrence followed by type 3,2and 4.Type 4 was rarely reported .In the present study the percentage of incidence of type 1, type 2 and type3 are 6.6%,1.6%,3.3% respectively and type 4 was not observed. Conclusion: Knowing the variable expressions of the renal venous system allows better understanding of the clinical events. Pre operative CT can be considered mandatory as it helps in safe surgical outcome particularly in the retro peritoneal area.